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The use of petroleum products
Petroleum products are easily recognizable in the gasoline we use to power our cars and heating oil we use to heat our homes. Less known uses of oil are the plastic components, pharmaceuticals, food, and a host of other products.
There are three main categories of products based on Pertoleum:
Fuels such as gasoline and diesel
Materials fuels, such as solvents and lubricating oils
Raw materials such as naphtha
Petroleum products, particularly motor gasoline, fuel Distillate (diesel), and jet fuel, provide virtually all the energy consumed in the transport sector. Transportation is the main use of oil representing over 67 percent of all petroleum products consumed in 2005 in the United States. The industrial sector is the oil consumption the second and 24 percent of total oil consumption in the U.S. and residential / commercial sectors of electric utilities account for the remaining 9 percent of oil consumption.
Demand for petroleum products the United States an average of 20.8 million barrels per day in 2005. This represents about 3 gallons of oil each day for each person in the country. By comparison, oil demand from an average of 2 gallons per person per day in early 1950 and about of 3.6 gallons per person per day in 1978.
The gasoline engine is used mainly for cars and light trucks for road use. Small amounts are used for off-road, boats, recreational vehicles, farm equipment and several others.
Distillate fuel oil includes diesel oil, fuels heating and industrial oils. It is used for diesel engines in buses, trucks, trains, automobiles and other machines. It is also used to heat buildings residential, commercial and industrial fire and electric boilers. The specifications are different heating fuels and diesel based primarily on the sulfur content of each fuel.
Diesel fuel accounts for about three quarters of the sales of the first light oil refinery. More diesel fuel used for transportation: highway diesel fuel represents more than half of sales of spirits. Residential heating, the most important the next end-use category, representing about 12 percent of annual use of distillates, but concentrated in the winter months.
Liquefied Gas petroleum gas (LPG) in third place in use include petroleum products, behind gasoline and distillate fuel oil. LPG are used as inputs (materials premiums) for petrochemical production processes. This is the use of non-petroleum age. LPG is also used as fuel for domestic heating and cooking, agriculture as an alternative to gasoline for internal combustion engines.
Most jet fuel is kerosene-based fuel primarily on commercial airlines. It requires a higher temperature to ignite and is safer for commercial use naphtha fuel. Naphtha jet fuel meets the specifications required for certain military aircraft. It has a low freezing point of commercial fuel and lower flash (ignition) point. However, on October 1, 1993 to 1995, the U.S. military essentially converts most of its fleet of jet kerosene type jet fuel gasoline with the kerosene type.
Type Fuel kerosene sometimes mixed with diesel and heating oil during periods of extreme cold. This is done to help alleviate the viscosity (thickness) handling and performance problems associated with cold.
Utilities use residual fuel to generate electricity. Well this sector uses relatively little oil compared with industry and transport services depends on oil for electricity about 3 percent of its needs total energy requirements. Residual fuel oil is also used as bunker fuel (bunker fuel), industrial boiler fuel and heating fuel in some commercial buildings.
Kerosene is used for residential and commercial heating. There also used in water heaters, fuel for cooking and lamps. Kerosene is in the range of light output of distillate refinery that includes a bit of diesel fuel, kerosene, oils and other fuels.
Petroleum coke used as fuel can be relatively low solid ash from power plants and industrial use (coke negotiable) if its sulfur content is low enough, or use in other applications of fuel (coke catalyst), as in refinery operations.
The use of non-petroleum fuels is small compared with the consumption of fuel, but petroleum products account for about 89 percent of total national energy consumption non-energy uses. There are many non-energy uses of petroleum, including various specialized products for use in the textile industry, metallurgy, electrical industry, among others. A partial list of non-energy uses of oil are:
• Solvents such as used in paints, varnishes and printing inks
• Oils and greases for automotive engines and other machines
• Oil (or paraffin) wax used in candy manufacturing, packaging, candles, matches, and polishes
• Vaseline (petroleum jelly) sometimes blended with paraffin in medical products and toiletries
• The asphalt used to pave roads and airports, canals and surface impoundments, and to make roofing materials and floor coverings
• Petroleum coke used as raw material for many carbon and graphite products, including furnace electrodes and liners, and the anodes used in aluminum production.
• raw materials used oil chemical feedstock derived from petroleum, primarily for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
Oil is used as feedstock in the production of petrochemicals since 1920. Naphtha, a raw material base is a liquid derived from petroleum refining oil. Petrochemical feedstocks also include products extracted from natural gas and refinery gas (ethane, propane and butane). Petrochemical feedstocks is become elements and intermediate chemicals such as ethylene, propylene, normal and iso-butylene-butadiene and aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene, which in turn is used to produce plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers, pharmaceuticals and detergents.
About the Author
Robert Jent is President & CEO of Triple Diamond Energy Corporation. Triple Diamond Energy Corporation is an independent producer of oil and natural gas. Located in the Dallas area, the Corporation specializes in acquiring the highest quality prime oil and gas properties. For more information visit the website www.triplediamondenergy.com.
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